What were the Valuev circular and the Ems decree in Ukraine?

The Valuev circular and the Ems decree

Валуєвський циркуляр і Емський указ

1863–1876. In 1863 the Russian interior minister Petr Valuev sent a secret circular that stopped the printing of Ukrainian school and religious books.

Where: Ukraine

What happened

In 1863 the Russian interior minister Petr Valuev sent a secret circular that stopped the printing of Ukrainian school and religious books. In 1876 Tsar Alexander II signed the Ems decree, which went further: it banned importing Ukrainian books and printing new ones, with few exceptions, and banned Ukrainian on stage. Many writers published in Lviv, then in Austria-Hungary, where Ukrainian was allowed, and smuggled the books across the border. The bans were eased only after the revolution of 1905.

Say it

Емський указ заборонив друкувати книжки українською.

The Ems decree banned printing books in Ukrainian.

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